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Correspondence between Leo XIII and Emperor Alexander III of Russia as a Source for the History of the Holy See–Russia Relations in the Second Half of the 19th Century
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Correspondence between Leo XIII and Emperor Alexander III of Russia as a Source for the History of the Holy See–Russia Relations in the Second Half of the 19th Century
Annotation
PII
S013038640009145-7-
DOI
10.31857/S013038640009145-7
Publication type
Article
Status
Published
Authors
Elena Besschetnova 
Affiliation: National Research University "Higher School of Economics"
Address: Russian Federation,
Edition
Issue 3
Pages
56-69
Abstract

For the Russian Empire, the Catholic question was one of the most important domestic issues throughout the 19th century; it was the question of building relations with its western regions, primarily with Poland, in which the Catholic clergy was the driving force of the struggle for political independence of the country. In this context, in the second half of the 19th century the Government of the Russian Empire considered maintaining a dialogue with the Holy See as a way to preserve stability in the Western regions of the Empire. Also, for Alexander III, this was a symbolic act illustrating Russia's course on demonstrating continuity with the Christian emperors of the Roman Empire. This should emphasize the special position and role of Russia in Europe. The image of Russia as a Christian empire, its course on the preservation of traditional values was contrasted with the image of the liberal- egalitarian Western Europe, which was seized by revolutionary sentiments during this period.

A unique historical source on the foreign policy of the Vatican in Eastern Europe in the second half of the nineteenth century and the Holy See-Russian relations is the correspondence of Pope Leo XIII and Russian Emperor Alexander III. From 1881 to 1894, Pope Leo XIII sent about ten official letters and to each of them received an official response from the Emperor.

The main materials reporting the history of relations supported by Leo XIII with Alexander III, as well as with Grand Prince Vladimir Alexandrovich Romanov, are kept in the Apostolic Vatican Archive (sections “Spoglio Leone XIII” and “Segr. Stato: parte moderna”), the Affari Ecclesiastici Straordinari fund, the Russian Empire Foreign Policy Archive (funds Vatican and Chancery), Russian State Historical Archive.

Keywords
The Holy See, Russian Empire, ecumenism, Russian and The Holy See diplomatic dialogue, Christian Unity, Catholicism in Russia
Received
17.03.2020
Date of publication
19.06.2020
Number of purchasers
39
Views
2357
Readers community rating
5.0 (1 votes)
Previous versions
S013038640009145-7-1 Дата внесения правок в статью - 08.04.2020
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References

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2. Gaiduk V. P. Dialog Rossii s Vatikanom na rubezhe XIX—XX vv. Po novym arkhivnym mate- rialam. — Santa Sede e Russia da Leone XIII a Pio XI [Dialog of Russia with the Vatican at the turn of the XIX—XX centuries On new archival materials. — Santa Sede e Russia da Leone XIII a Pio XI], Libreria Editrice VaticanaCittà del Vaticano, 2002, р. 43—61. (In Russ.)

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7. Tokareva E. S, Chubaryan A. O. Rossiia i Vatikan v kontse 19 — nachale 20 veka. — Romanovy i Papskii Prestol 1613—1917. Rossiia i Vatikan [Russia and the Vatican at the end of the 19th — beginning of the 20th centuries. — Romanovs and the Papal See 1613—1917. Russia and the Vatican]. Moscow, 2018, p. 175—197. (In Russ.)

8. Winter E. Papstvo i tsarizm [The Papacy and the Tsarist government]. Moscow, 1964. (In Russ.)

9. Croce M. G. Fonti vaticane archivistiche sulle relazioni tra Russia e Santa Sede (1878—1922). — Santa Sede e Russia da Leone XIII a Pio XI, Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Città del Vaticano, 2002, p. 21—32.

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