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Kant for all Time On Kant’s Ethics on the 295th Anniversary of His Birth
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Kant for all Time On Kant’s Ethics on the 295th Anniversary of His Birth
Annotation
PII
S004287440005718-4-
DOI
10.31857/S004287440005718-4
Publication type
Article
Status
Published
Authors
Abdusalam Guseynov 
Affiliation: Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Address: Russian Federation
Edition
Issue 7
Pages
6-17
Abstract

The article justifies the idea that Kant’s understanding of morality as an autonomy of will is an important landmark in the history of ethics and at the same time the expression of the moral self-consciousness of the post-medieval person, which defines its continued importance. It is shown that the essential anti-eudemonism of Kant’s ethics, opposing the ethical utilitarianism, denied happiness as the foundation of morality and nevertheless asserted it as a synthesizing basis of the maxims of behavior and an inalienable right of each person to arrange one’s own life by oneself. The author emphasizes the unity of the first two Kant’s critiques: the question why reason can be pure only in its practical, namely moral, application. He frames a thesis that the critique of pure practical reason gives an answer not only to the question what morality is, but also to the question what reason is. The moral law acquires continuation in law, the function of which is to guarantee the individual freedoms in public space, as far as it is possible in accordance with the universal law. Generally, autonomous ethics, seen as the ethics of duty, is interpreted as an individual and responsible way of being of an imperfect rational creature, who a human being is. 

Keywords
ethics, I. Kant, ethics of the Early modern period, Enlightenment, utilitarian ethics, critique of pure reason, critique of pure practical reason, autonomy of will, duty, happiness, morality and law
Received
27.07.2019
Date of publication
28.07.2019
Number of purchasers
89
Views
842
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0.0 (0 votes)
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S004287440005718-4-1 Дата внесения правок в статью - 03.07.2019
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References

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3. Kant 1997a – Kant I. Osnovopolozhenie k metafizike nravov // Kant I. Sochineniya na nemetskom i russkom yazykakh. V 4 t. T. 3. M., 1997 [Kant, Immanuel Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten (Russian Translation)].

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5. Kant 1993 – Kant I. O pogovorke «Mozhet byt', ehto i verno v teorii, no ne goditsya dlya praktiki» // Kant I. Sochineniya na nemetskom i russkom yazykakh. V 4 t. T. 1. M.: 1993 [Kant, Immanuel Uber den Gemeinspruch: Das mag in der Theorie richtig sein, taugt aber nicht fur die Praxis (Russian Translation)].

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8. Mur 1999 – Mur Dzh.Eh. Priroda moral'noj filosofii [i drugie proizvedeniya] / Predisl. A.F. Gryaznova i L.V. Konovalovoj; Per. s angl., sost. i prim. L.V. Konovalovoj. M.: Respublika, 1999 [Moore, George Edward The Nature of Moral Philosophy, (Russian Translation)].

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